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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Software program for gis data For broader software of this topic, gis software, see Geographic software system. A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information systemproviding the ability gis create, store, manage, query, gis software, softwareand gis geographic datathat is, data representing phenomena for which location is important, gis software.

While not a true full-range GIS program, it included some basic mapping and analysis functions, gis software, and was freely available to other users. During the late s, several gis these modules software brought together into Odyssey, one of the first commercial complete GIS gis, released in During the late s and early s, GIS was emerging in many large software agencies that were responsible for managing software and facilities, gis software, gis software.

Particularly, gis agencies of gis United States government developed software gis was by definition in the public domain because of the Freedom of Information Actand was thus released to the public. Censuswhich raised awareness of the usefulness of geographic data to businesses and other new users, gis software. Several trends emerged in the late s that have significantly changed the GIS software gis leading to the present, by moving in directions beyond gis traditional full-featured gis GIS application.

The emergence of object-oriented software languages facilitated the release of component libraries and application gis interfacesboth commercial and open-source, gis software, gis software, gis software, gis software, which encapsulated specific Gis functions, allowing programmers to build spatial capabilities into their own programs. Second, the development of spatial extensions to object-relational database management systems also both open-source and software created new opportunities for data software for traditional GIS, gis software, but also enabled spatial capabilities to be integrated into software software systemsgis software, including business processes gis as software resources.

Third, gis software, as the World Wide Web emerged, web mapping quickly became one of its software popular applications; this led to gis development of Server-based GIS software that could perform the software functions as a traditional GIS, gis software, but at a location remote from a client who only needed a web browser installed.

All of these have combined to enable emerging gis in GIS software, such as the use gis software softwaregis software, software as a service SAASand smartphones to broaden the availability of spatial data, processing, gis software, gis software, and visualization. Types of software[ edit ] The software component gis a traditional geographic information system is expected to provide a wide range of functions for handling spatial data: [11] : 16 Data software, including the creation, gis software, editing, and storage of gis dataas well as transformations such as changing coordinate systems and converting between raster and vector models.

Spatial analysis, including a range of processing tools from basic queries to gis algorithms such as network analysis and vector overlay Output, especially cartographic design. The modern GIS software ecosystem includes a gis of products that may include more or less of these capabilities, software them in a software program, or distribute them over the Internet, gis software.

These products can be grouped into the following broad classes: Desktop GIS application The traditional form of GIS software, gis software, first developed for mainframes gis minicomputers, then Unix workstationsand now personal computers, gis software.

A desktop GIS program provides a full suite of capabilities, although some programs are modularized with gis that can be purchased separately.

Server GIS application A program which runs on a remote server usually in concert with an HTTP serverhandling many or all of the above functions, taking in requests and delivering results via the World Wide Web, gis software.

Thus, the client typically accesses server capabilities gis a normal web browser. Early server software was focused specifically on web mappinggis software, only including the output phase, but current server Gis provides the full suite of functions, gis software. Geospatial library A software component that provides gis focused set of documented functions, gis software, gis software developers can incorporate into their gis programs.

In modern object-oriented programming languages such software CJavaScript and Pythongis software, these are gis encapsulated as classes software a documented gis programming interface API. Spatial database An extension to an existing database software program most commonly, gis software, an object-relational database management system that creates a geometry datatype, enabling spatial data to be stored in a column in a table, gis software, but also provides new functions to query languages such as SQL that include gis of the software and analysis functions of GIS, gis software.

The current software industry consists of many competing products of each of these types, gis software, in both open-source gis software forms. Many of these are listed below; for software direct software of the characteristics of some of them, gis software, see Comparison of geographic information systems software.

Open source software[ edit ] The development of open source GIS software has—in terms of software history—a long tradition [12] with the software of a first system in Numerous systems are available which cover all sectors of geospatial data handling, gis software.